One Author
Lastname, Firstname.
Two Authors
Lastname, Firstname, and Firstname Lastname.
Three or More Authors
Lastname, Firstname, et al.
Unknown Author
Skip the author entry; begin with the title.
Organizational Author
Place organization name as the author.
If the organization which publishes a work is the same as the organization which writes the work, skip the author.
Pseudonyms and Online Usernames
Where a work is published or posted online using a pseudonym or username, simply use that name as the author.
Any time you quote, paraphrase, summarize, or reference someone else’s words or idea, include an intext citation in parentheses at the end of the quotation or paraphrased/summarized portion. The intext citation includes the first phrase of the Works Cited entry—this is almost always the author’s lastname—and the page number.
One Author: (Lastname #)
(Harwood 27)
Two Authors: (Lastname and Lastname #)
Three or More Authors: (Lastname et al #)
No Author: (“Shortened Title” #) or (Shortened Title)
Organizational Author: (Organization #)
No Page #: (Author)
A Poetic Work: (Lastname Line #)
Referencing the work in the text:
You may name the author in your text when you introduce a quote or paraphrase; in that case, put only the page number in parentheses, for example: Johnson states that “quote here” (#). Always place the in-text citation immediately after a quotation. If you are referencing a single source throughout a paragraph, you may put the in-text citation at the end of the paragraph. If a given paragraph includes multiple sources, it should be clear which ideas are from each source, as well as which are your own.
Prose
Up to four lines: If your quote is under five lines, include the quote within your paragraph, in quotation marks.
5+ lines: Set the quote in its own paragraph. Indent the entire quote half an inch, and do not put quotation marks around it.
Poetry
Up to three lines: When you quote fewer than three lines of poetry, include the quotation in line with your text. If you are quoting more than one line, divide the lines in your text with a slash.
4+ lines: If you quote four or more lines, set the entire quote in a new paragraph, and indent the entire paragraph half an inch. Do not enclose the new paragraph in quotes. Keep the same line-breaks and formatting as the original.